6/30/2023 0 Comments Io moon mass![]() ![]() The discovery of a cloud of sodium surrounding Io led to theories that the satellite would be covered in evaporites. The plumes of Pele and Loki are visible above the limb and at the terminator, respectively.īefore the Voyager 1 encounter with Io on March 5, 1979, Io was thought to be a dead world much like the Moon. Discovery ĭiscovery image of active volcanism on Io. Spacecraft that have flown by Io since 1979 have observed numerous surface changes as a result of Io's volcanic activity. This material paints the surrounding terrain in red, black, and/or white, and provides material for Io's patchy atmosphere and Jupiter's extensive magnetosphere. ![]() Īs a result of the presence of significant quantities of sulfurous materials in Io's crust and on its surface, some eruptions propel sulfur, sulfur dioxide gas, and pyroclastic material up to 500 kilometres (310 mi) into space, producing large, umbrella-shaped volcanic plumes. In addition, eruption temperatures as high as 1,600 K (1,300 ☌ 2,400 ☏) were detected, which can be explained by the eruption of high-temperature ultramafic silicate lavas. Although most of the lava on Io is made of basalt, a few lava flows consisting of sulfur and sulfur dioxide have been seen. Lava flows on Io, tens or hundreds of kilometres long, have primarily basaltic composition, similar to lavas seen on Earth at shield volcanoes such as Kīlauea in Hawaii. Three different types of volcanic eruptions have been identified, differing in duration, intensity, lava effusion rate, and whether the eruption occurs within a volcanic pit (known as a patera). Io's volcanism has led to the formation of hundreds of volcanic centres and extensive lava formations, making it the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Without this tidal heating, Io might have been similar to the Moon, a world of similar size and mass, geologically dead and covered with numerous impact craters. This variation in the shape of Io causes frictional heating in its interior. Io's eccentric orbit leads to a slight difference in Jupiter's gravitational pull on the satellite between its closest and farthest points on its orbit, causing a varying tidal bulge. This differs from Earth's internal heating, which is derived primarily from radioactive isotope decay and primordial heat of accretion. Io's volcanism makes the satellite one of only four known currently volcanically active worlds in the Solar System (the other three being Earth, Saturn's moon Enceladus, and Neptune's moon Triton).įirst predicted shortly before the Voyager 1 flyby, the heat source for Io's volcanism comes from tidal heating produced by its forced orbital eccentricity. Up to 400 such volcanoes are predicted to exist based on these observations. Observations of Io by passing spacecraft (the Voyagers, Galileo, Cassini, and New Horizons) and Earth-based astronomers have revealed more than 150 active volcanoes. Its volcanic activity was discovered in 1979 by Voyager 1 imaging scientist Linda Morabito. Volcanism on Io, a moon of Jupiter, is represented by the presence of volcanoes, volcanic pits and lava flows on the moon's surface. Io, with two plumes erupting from its surface ![]()
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6/30/2023 0 Comments Medication math calculator![]() The dose required is 40 mg/kg/day divided BID and the suspension comes in a concentration of 400 mg/5 mL. The following examples are typically encountered when dosing medication in children.Ĭalculate the dose of amoxicillin suspension in mLs for otitis media for a 1-yr-old child weighing 22 lb. Medications are available in multiple concentrations, therefore orders written in "mL" rather than "mg" are not acceptable and require further clarification.ĭosing also varies by indication, therefore diagnostic information is helpful when calculating doses. Calculate the flow or pump rate setting for regulators and controllers. Doses are often expressed as mg/kg/day or mg/kg/dose, therefore orders written "mg/kg/d," which is confusing, require further clarification from the prescriber.Ĭhemotherapeutic drugs are commonly dosed according to body surface area, which requires an extra verification step (BSA calculation) prior to dosing. Care must be taken to properly convert body weight from pounds to kilograms (1 kg= 2.2 lb) before calculating doses based on body weight. We are actually required to double verify MANY high-risk medications and pediatric dosages.Most drugs in children are dosed according to body weight (mg/kg) or body surface area (BSA) (mg/m 2). In real life, ask that someone double-check with you. On the test - you have to double-check yourself. Remember that testing sites are not guaranteed to provide a calculator, so don't forget to bring yours to the exam unless otherwise specified by the testing site.ħ. Use a calculator to at least double-check your math. When you are under pressure and trying to go quickly, that is when you can make mistakes. If the amoxicillin is 250mg/5ml then how many mls' should be given per dose?Ħ. Practice with this one (the right answer is at the end of the blog): Order: Administer 20 mg per kg of amoxicillin every 12 hours for a child who weighs 15 kg. It can really help nurses make sure that they are getting the correct units. There are lots of great examples on the internet of how to do factor-label conversion well. This common-sense double-check of "does it make sense" can really help your answers to be accurate every time. I started with a large amount of mg, the concentration of the drug has a lot of mg in 1 ml so the answer I get should be smaller than what I started with - and it is. Ask yourself "Does the result make sense?" =.Cross out the units that cancel - in this example, you can cross mg out on the top and bottom and all you are left with are ml.Write it out: 300mg x ( 1 ml / 15mg) = 20 ml.Ask yourself "What am I starting with?" = 300mg.Ask yourself "What do I want to know at the end?" = how many ml?.Say the nurse has an order to give a patient 300mg of Zantac. He pretty much gave me a great nursing foundation for dosage calculation because he taught me this method for calculation called "the factor-label method of dosage calculation". So I had this awesome high school chemistry teacher named Mr. Everything I learned about dose calculation I learned in high school chemistry. ![]() A comprehensive list can be found at the Institute for Safe Medicine ()ĥ. Review what you should and should not see or use on an order. Review the list of abbreviations to AVOID I can bet you 99% that there will be at least one NCLEX question that touches on this list. ![]() And making an error can kill a patient and your career.Ĥ. Then pay a tutor for an hour and get a rock-solid understanding of this system. ![]() Understand the metric system If you don't feel that you are strong in understanding that there is 1000 milligrams in 1 gram (0.001 mg=1g) and 1000 grams in 1 kilogram (1000g = 1kg) and how to convert back and forth in your sleep. And install an app on your phone to use in real life (you cannot use it on the NCLEX).ġ fl oz. Milliliters (ml) to ounces (oz) and back. Temperature from Celsius (C) to Fahrenheit (F) and back. You will find that there are common conversions that you will use ALL the time. It can really help to see errors and work it out.Ģ. When you are doing a dose calculation, write it down on a piece of paper. Introduction to Dosage Calculation NCLEX Review Volume Mass Length Consider this scenario: (dose available) / (volume available) (dose desired) / volume. Here are some hints to keep your calculations straight.ġ. These are not optimum conditions for complex math. Not only are nurses asked to do complex dose calculations - we often are doing them in real life under extreme time pressure or professional stress. We all cringe when we see medication calculations on the NCLEX or even in real life. ![]() 6/30/2023 0 Comments Green gorilla hours![]() ![]() "It was both aesthetic and to get functionality," he recalled. Beirne was hired to clear the land so that it could be usable again for other purposes. The oyster farm job took about 8 days and covered soft ground, hard ground, riverbeds, drainage ditches, and everything in between. The stumps can be a challenge, but Beirne is very happy with how his RK5015 handled these stumps. ![]() "There were limbs from when they did the logging that were decomposing, stumps that were decomposed enough where this handled it and made it flat to the ground." The live foliage wasn't his only problem, however. You name it, it was in there," he recalled. Invasive species like the Asian pear tree, the holly was really thick. "It was just overgrown with pines anywhere from three to eight inches, scrub brush. The farm had been logged about 5 or 6 years ago and was littered with 19 acres of brush. With the Right Equipment, The World is Your Oysterīeirne recently did a brush clearing job for an oyster farm. It's better for the developer, so he keeps using Green Gorilla for his land clearing projects. They don't want to walk through brush."īeirne clears the brush and leaves a nicer, finer mulch that's much more pleasant to look at and walk on. We make paths so the customers who fly in from out of town can get a better appreciation of the property. ![]() "He buys it up and brings me in there to clean it up. When the developer buys land to show to potential buyers, he brings in Beirne to clear a path for them to walk along to see the property. Much of Green Gorilla's work comes from a real estate developer, who's actually the customer who requested a finer product, which led him to Fecon. "If you grease it and take care of it, it'll last. It was pretty cool to see."īeirne flipped the teeth at 98.7 hours and greases his machine every four hours. By the end of the day, the teeth worked themselves out. "This thing chewed it up, but it nicked up my two teeth pretty good, but that thing still cut like a champ. I'd have never seen it walking by," he said. ![]() An old bulldozer sprocket was hiding under the brush. Sometimes pieces of wood get stuck in there, so I got out to check. "I was finishing up a six-acre tract when the mulcher head shut down. diameter rotor fitted with double carbide teeth, the RK5015 eats through brush with ease.īeirne is very pleased with their resilience and service life, putting logging 170.4 hours on the original set of teeth. With a 2,400 rpm rotation speed, a 45V motor, and a 15 in. in diameter, leaving behind a carpet of mulch that is easy on the eyes, and on the feet. He routinely clears thick brush and limbs, even standing trees to 8-in. Big Dog With a Big Appetiteīeirne was so impressed the new mulcher that he nicknamed his machine Cerberus, after the mythical three headed dog, because of its voracious appetite. Operating with an industrial brush cutter mounted on a Kubota SVL-75 Highflow compact track loader, he did good work for his clients, but still sought out ways to improve his craft.Ī conversation about producing a finer sized output led him to Fecon and its local dealer, Steen Enterprises in Adams Run, S.C. When Beirne retired from the United States Air Force after 23 years of military service as a Joint Terminal Attack Controller and Aerial Gunner, he founded the landscaping company Green Gorilla Lawnscapes, in Charleston, S.C. What he ultimately found was that a finer finish led to many more starts, due to his RK5015 mulcher from Fecon. So, after a client asked if he could find a way to produce a finer finish after a bush hogging project, he started researching his options. in diameter, leaving behind a carpet of mulch that is easy on the eyes, and on the feet.ĭan Beirne is a big believer in the mantra, the customer is always right. Green Gorilla Lawnscapes routinely clears thick brush and limbs, even standing trees to 8-in. ![]() 6/30/2023 0 Comments Stress fracture shin bone![]() ![]() In some cases, an X-ray or other tests may be required to detect stress fractures of the tibia. ![]() Your doctor will diagnose the shin splits through a physical examination of the lower leg. Mild swelling may develop in the lower leg because of which you may feel weak or numb. The most commonly occurring symptoms include pain in the front of the lower leg, during or after exercises. Runners and dancers are at a higher risk of developing shin splints. Pain is severe because of loss of blood supply to the muscle.įlat feet or a rigid arch and use of improper or worn-out footwear while exercising may increase the risk of developing shin splints. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome, which is the swelling of muscles due to exertion caused by increased pressure within the muscle compartment.Tendonitis caused by a partial tear in the tendon.Stress fractures (tiny, hairline breaks) of the leg bone, which may cause sharp pain.The other causes of shin splints include: The common cause of shin splints is the overuse of muscles and bone tissue of the tibia because of repetitive sports activities and a sudden change in the physical activity level. The condition is also referred to as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). It occurs because of vigorous physical activities such as exercise or sports. Shin splints are pain and inflammation of the tendons, muscles and bone tissue along the tibia or shinbone (lower leg). ![]() 6/30/2023 0 Comments Android snoop catcher![]() Now i know well about listening but still to get a clear picture that how people can watch someone in home? I have put black tape on the light source of my webcam but still these people watched me in my home and wrote about the same. These people went even beyond their legal limits. I am myself a victim of worst kinda abuse of surveillance by some corrupt Indians. I am a regular reader of your blog and like it very much. Stopping that abuse requires mobile operators to secure their systems, but data gathered from this app can similarly check whether that’s been done or if it’s actively being used against you. In their talk at 31C3 they gave examples of commercially-marketed SS7 tracking services, already operating, requiring only a target person’s phone number. They’ve revealed such things as 3G devices using only 64-bit symmetric encryption, or networks not enabling it at all. It is an extension of their project to measure, map, and then pressure mobile operators, on their adherence to good security practices. It seems to work by sanity-checking the IDs of cell towers seen, and how quickly they come and go. And should be something of a deterrent to police forces continuing to use them in secret and refusing to mention it during legal proceedings. This app might reveal the prevalence of Stingray devices and similar, being used for mass surveillance. ![]() 6/30/2023 0 Comments Firefox all image downloader![]() If you have any questions, make sure to leave them in the comment section below or hit me up on Twitter. It also brings back the ‘Search by Image’ link that lets you quickly search Google for similar looking photographs. With the extension installed, you should now see the classic ‘View Image’ button back where it used to be when clicking on a photo. Use the images below for help if you get lost along the way. To check, you can look for the new icon in the Firefox taskbar. Add-on downloads all discovered images and creates a zip file of those images. Add-on will search the active tab for images. ![]() Once more, a dialog box will pop up asking you if you actually want to install the extension.Īfter a couple of seconds, the ‘View Image’ extension should be installed. Download All Images is a popular extension with over 140K users world wide - now available on Firefox. This will link to a page that looks similar to the below image. Now, with Firefox installed and all set up, head to the Firefox Adds-ons site and download the ‘View Image’ extension. If you already have it, you can skip to step #2. Steps to get the Google Images ‘view image’ button backĪs the only way to add the ‘View Image’ button is through a Firefox extension, you’re going to need the Firefox web browser installed on your computer.
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